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Primark

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Penneys" redirects here. For the American retailer, see <a href="JCPenney" title="JCPenney">JCPenney</a>. For the unrelated Philippine community mall chain, see <a href="Primark_Town_Center" title="Primark Town Center">Primark Town Center</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Primark Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><div class="infobox-caption">The original shop on Mary Street, Dublin</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Penneys (in Ireland)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">13 June 1969 (1969-06-13) in <a href="Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="Arthur_Ryan" title="Arthur Ryan">Arthur Ryan</a>, Micaela Mitchell <a href="#cite_note-auto2-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Arthur Ryan House, 22–24 Parnell Street, <div class="ib-company-locality locality">Dublin</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Ireland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Over 450<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Ireland</li><li>United Kingdom</li><li>Spain</li><li>The Netherlands</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Germany</li><li>Belgium</li><li>Austria</li><li>France</li><li>Italy</li><li>United States</li><li>Slovenia</li><li>Poland</li><li>Czech Republic</li><li>Romania</li><li>Hungary</li><li>Slovakia</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Eoin Tonge (Interim <a href="Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Chief executive officer</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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<ul><li><a href="Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a></li>

<li><a href="Household_goods" title="Household goods">housewares</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"> £9,448 million<a href="#cite_note-AR2024-3">[3]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> 82,000 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primark.com">primark.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-about-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-JournalPenneysStory-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-AR2024-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-BLOOMBERG-6">[6]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Primark Limited<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> (/ˈpraɪmɑːrk/; trading as Penneys in Ireland)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> is an Irish multinational <a href="Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> retailer with headquarters in <a href="Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> with outlets across Europe and in the United States. The original Penneys brand is not used outside of Ireland because it is owned elsewhere by American retailer <a href="JCPenney" title="JCPenney">JCPenney</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The company's first shop, named Penneys and still in operation today, was established at 47 Mary Street in <a href="Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> by <a href="Arthur_Ryan" title="Arthur Ryan">Arthur Ryan</a> and his business partner Micaela Mitchell<a href="#cite_note-auto2-1">[1]</a> in June 1969 on behalf of the <a href="Weston_family" title="Weston family">Weston family</a>, who had founded Allied Bakeries Limited in 1935, which was later renamed <a href="Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a> (ABF).<a href="#cite_note-JournalPenneysStory-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent_News_and_Media-12">[12]</a> A second Penneys shop on Main Street, <a href="Finglas" title="Finglas">Finglas</a>, was opened the following month.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The first major shops outside of Dublin were opened in the cities of <a href="Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a> and <a href="Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> in 1971, both under the name of Penneys.<a href="#cite_note-secret-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-europa-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

The company subsequently expanded outside of Ireland and into Great Britain, opening a shop in <a href="Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-secret-14">[14]</a> By 1974, the business had 24 shops, including three in Scotland and two in England, all operating under the Penneys brand.<a href="#cite_note-europa-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

The American company, <a href="JC_Penney" class="mw-redirect" title="JC Penney">JC Penney</a>, opposed the use of Penneys as a business name. JC Penney registered the various business names of Penneys' parent company in countries throughout Europe, in order to put pressure on it to relinquish its registration of the Penneys brand, and issued court proceedings disputing the use of the brand. Following an injunction granted by the <a href="High_Court_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court of England">High Court of England</a> in June 1974, the two shops in England were rebranded as Primark, named after the in-house clothing brand that had been introduced by the business early on.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> However, the Penneys brand continued to be used in Ireland and Scotland, and in 1975–1976, four more Penneys-branded shops were opened in Scotland and Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-europa-15">[15]</a>

Eventually, the two companies settled their dispute. Penneys/Primark agreed that from 27 August 1976 onward, it would only use the Penneys brand in the Republic of Ireland, with its shops elsewhere, including in <a href="Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, to be rebranded as Primark. In exchange, JC Penney agreed to relinquish its registration of the various business names of Primark's parent companies throughout Europe, and agreed not to trade under the Penneys brand in the Republic of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-europa-15">[15]</a> Since that date, the business has been known as Penneys in the Republic of Ireland and as Primark elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-JournalPenneysStory-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

In 2005, Primark bought UK retailer <a href="Littlewoods" title="Littlewoods">Littlewoods</a>'s retail shops for £409 million, retaining 40 of the 119 shops and selling the rest.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

In May 2006, the first Primark shop in mainland Europe opened in <a href="Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain. In December 2008, Primark opened in the Netherlands, followed by Portugal, Germany and Belgium in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-22">[22]</a>

In 2009, having led the business since its foundation in 1969, Arthur Ryan retired as Chief Executive and became Chairman instead. He was replaced as Chief Executive by the company's Chief Operating Officer, Paul Marchant.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

The business expanded into Austria in 2012, France in 2013, and Italy in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-22">[22]</a>

On 24 April 2013, the <a href="Rana_Plaza_collapse" title="Rana Plaza collapse">Rana Plaza clothing factory</a>, which manufactured goods for Primark and other international brands, collapsed, killing 1,134. Primark went on to become the largest contributor of compensation, paying over US$10 million for deceased, missing, and injured claims.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>

Primark opened its current headquarters in 2015 in a redeveloped Dublin building, Arthur Ryan House, formerly Chapel House.<a href="#cite_note-BLOOMBERG-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-RTÉ2015-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-about-4">[4]</a>

In 2015, Primark opened its first United States shop in <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, later expanding into <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="Danbury%2C_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury</a> and <a href="Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stores-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-total_stores-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Having built a chain of around 40 shops in Spain, Primark opened a second outlet in Madrid in October 2015, its second-biggest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The largest Primark shop opened in <a href="Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> on 11 April 2019, occupying the former Pavilions Shopping Centre of 161,000 sq ft (15,000 m2), with five floors including a beauty salon, <a href="The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a>-themed café and a barbershop, and adding the largest <a href="Greggs" title="Greggs">Greggs</a> fast-food outlet in the world in February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On 13 June 2019, Primark expanded to Slovenia with a shop in <a href="Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>

On 23 March 2020, Primark temporarily closed its 189 UK shops, as a result of government restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Its 153 shops in England re-opened on 15 June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> As a result of the lockdowns, the company reported a sales loss of £430 million.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>

On 10 August 2020, Primark opened its first shop in Poland in the Galeria Młociny shopping centre in <a href="Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, later expanding into <a href="Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a> and <a href="%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>. In June 2021, Primark opened the first shop in the Czech Republic in <a href="Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, occupying the area of 50,590 sq ft (4,700 m2) and serving as a flagship for the region of Central and Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

In 2021, Primark unveiled a sustainability strategy that set targets to reduce textile waste, halving <a href="Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO2 emissions</a> and improving the life of Primark workers.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

On 15 December 2022, Primark opened its first shop in <a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, in <a href="Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> On 20 June 2023, Primark opened its second shop in Bucharest.

In November 2022, Primark announced it was going online with a new click-and-collect service. This announcement came after the company lost more than £1 billion in sales during the COVID-19 pandemic, when its shops had to be temporarily closed, while the competitors with online shops had smaller or no financial losses.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The click-and-collect service was launched as a trial in 25 shops in north-west England, <a href="Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and north Wales for children's products only. However, on the day of launch of the new service, the company's website crashed, causing issues for people trying to access it.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

On 8 February 2024, as part of expansion plans, Primark announced a major scheme in which five shops would open and 15 (including its shop on <a href="Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a>) would be renovated. Primark also opened a distribution centre in <a href="Jacksonville%2C_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

On 21 May 2024, Primark unveiled a new brand identity, revealing a more curved and bold logo based on its 2005 logo, along with changing the colour slightly.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>

On 28 May 2024, Primark opened its first Hungarian shop in the Arena Mall in <a href="Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. On 20 June 2024, it was announced that the business intended to invest more than €40 million on its Portuguese business, including opening four further shops in Portugal, as part of its plan to have 530 shops internationally by 2026.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On the day after, the <a href="Colombo_Centre" title="Colombo Centre">Colombo</a> shop extension, in <a href="Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, was inaugurated. With a 40% increase in size to 6,038 square metres (64,990 sq ft), it became the largest single-floor Primark shop in the world.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>

On 6 March 2025, the business opened its first ever standalone homeware shop, in Belfast.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>

On 31 March 2025, Paul Marchant resigned as <a href="Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of Primark following an investigation into inappropriate behaviour towards a woman in a social setting. Marchant admitted to an error in judgement, apologised to the individual, the ABF board and his colleagues, and accepted that his actions fell below the company's expected standards. Eoin Tonge, ABF's finance director, was appointed as interim CEO.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>

On 9 May 2025, Primark announced it was doing a franchise partnership with <a href="Alshaya_Group" title="Alshaya Group">Alshaya Group</a> in opening four stores in <a href="Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">the Gulf</a>. This would consists of one store in <a href="The_Avenues_(Kuwait)" title="The Avenues (Kuwait)">The Avenues</a> shopping centre in <a href="Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> opening in October 2025,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> and three stores in <a href="Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> opening in 2026, at the <a href="Dubai_Mall" title="Dubai Mall">Dubai Mall</a>, <a href="Mall_of_the_Emirates" title="Mall of the Emirates">Mall of the Emirates</a>, and <a href="City_Centre_Mirdif" title="City Centre Mirdif">City Centre Mirdif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2></div>

<caption>Key trends for Primark (financial years ending 17 September)<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>

</caption>

<th>Year

</th>

<th>Revenue (£m)

</th>

<th>Adjusted operating profit (£m)

</th>

<th>Number of employees (1000s)

</th>

<th>Number of shops

</th>

<th>Number of served countries

</th>

<th>Selling space (million sq ft)

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2014

</td>

<td>6,950

</td>

<td>662

</td>

<td>54

</td>

<td>278

</td>

<td>9

</td>

<td>10.2

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2015

</td>

<td>5,347

</td>

<td>673

</td>

<td>61

</td>

<td>293

</td>

<td>10

</td>

<td>11.1

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2016

</td>

<td>5,949

</td>

<td>689

</td>

<td>68

</td>

<td>315

</td>

<td>11

</td>

<td>12.3

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2017

</td>

<td>7,053

</td>

<td>735

</td>

<td>73

</td>

<td>345

</td>

<td>11

</td>

<td>13.8

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2018

</td>

<td>7,477

</td>

<td>843

</td>

<td>75

</td>

<td>360

</td>

<td>11

</td>

<td>14.8

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2019

</td>

<td>7,792

</td>

<td>913

</td>

<td>78

</td>

<td>373

</td>

<td>12

</td>

<td>15.6

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="text-align:left;">2020

</td>

<td>5,895

</td>

<td>362

</td>

<td>70

</td>

<td>384

</td>

<td>13

</td>

<td>16.2

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2021

</td>

<td>5,593

</td>

<td>321

</td>

<td>71

</td>

<td>398

</td>

<td>14

</td>

<td>16.8

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2022

</td>

<td>7,697

</td>

<td>756

</td>

<td>72

</td>

<td>408

</td>

<td>14

</td>

<td>17.3

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2023

</td>

<td>9,008

</td>

<td>735

</td>

<td>76

</td>

<td>432

</td>

<td>16

</td>

<td>18.1

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2024

</td>

<td>9,448

</td>

<td>1,108

</td>

<td>82

</td>

<td>451

</td>

<td>17

</td>

<td>18.7

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<caption>Primark shops by country

</caption>

<th>Country

</th>

<th>Number of shops

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>England

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Spain

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Republic of Ireland

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Germany

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>US

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>France

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Scotland

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Netherlands

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Italy

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Portugal

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Northern Ireland

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Belgium

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Wales

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Poland

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Austria

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Romania

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Czech Republic

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Slovenia

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Hungary

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Slovakia

</td>

</td></tr>

<td>Total

</td>

<td>459

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2></div>

Primark offers a diverse range of products, including: baby, children's, women's and men's clothing, accessories and footwear; beauty products; housewares and confectionery. The chain sells clothing at prices below those typically charged by other retailers.

From 2014, Primark began selling makeup products.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Primark started selling vegan snacks from January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Chiorando-78">[78]</a>

Along with retailers such as <a href="Zara_(retailer)" title="Zara (retailer)">Zara</a> and <a href="H%26M" title="H&M">H&M</a>, Primark contributes to the contemporary fast fashion trend. According to an article about Primark in <a href="The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, "For many shoppers, Primark has an irresistible offer: trendy clothes at astonishingly low prices. The result is a new and even faster kind of fast fashion, which encourages consumers to buy heaps of items, discard them after a few wears and then come back for another batch of new outfits."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>

In 2020, Primark launched their Wellness collection which includes 80 eco-conscious products.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> All of the products are made of organic, sustainable or recycled materials. This is part of the retailer's commitment to be more responsible for its footprint.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div>

In early 2024, <a href="RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a> broadcast a six-part documentary, entitled Inside Penneys, exploring the workings of the business.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_practices">Working practices</h2></div>

In 2006, Primark joined the <a href="Ethical_Trading_Initiative" title="Ethical Trading Initiative">Ethical Trading Initiative</a> (ETI), a collaborative organisation bringing together businesses, <a href="Trades_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trades unions">trades unions</a> and <a href="NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a> to work on <a href="Labour_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour rights">labour rights</a> issues in their supply chains.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> ETI members commit to working towards the implementation of a code of conduct based on the <a href="International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>'s core conventions.

In December 2008, the UK charity <a href="War_on_Want" title="War on Want">War on Want</a> launched a new report, Fashion Victims II, that showed conditions had not improved in Bangladeshi factories supplying Primark, two years after the charity first visited them.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>

On 9 January 2009, a supplier was forced by ETI to remove its branding from Primark shops and websites following a <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>/<a href="The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> investigation into the employment practices. The investigation alleged the use of illegal immigrant labour and argued that the workers were paid less than the UK legal minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>

On 16 June 2011, the BBC Trust's Editorial Standards Committee (ESC) published its findings into a Panorama programme<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> "Primark: On the Rack", broadcast in June 2008. The programme was an undercover investigative documentary examining poor working conditions in Indian factories supplying Primark. Although Primark subsequently stopped doing business with the Indian supplier, the ESC concluded that footage in the programme was 'more likely than not' to have been fabricated.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The ESC directed the BBC to make an on-air apology and to ensure that the programme was not repeated or sold to other broadcasters. Primark created a specific website to deal with the issues around the programme.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>

In 2011 and 2012, Primark achieved 'Leader' status in the Ethical Trading Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-ethics-90">[90]</a>

In June 2013, two labels both stitched with alleged <a href="SOS" title="SOS">SOS</a> messages were separately found in garments purchased from a shop in Swansea, Wales. Primark argued the supply chain showed these label messages were a hoax.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a>

Also in June 2014, a customer from Ireland allegedly found an SOS note wrapped in a prison ID card in the pocket of trousers purchased from a Primark shop several years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The letter was written in Chinese and said to report that prisoners were forced to work "like oxen" making fashion clothes for export for 15 hours per day and that the food they were given would not be fit for animals.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>

A year and a half later an alleged SOS note from a Chinese torture victim was found in socks purchased from Primark.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a>

In 2020, it was reported that Primark joined the United Nations’ Fashion Charter and committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by working across its value chain, beyond Primark operations.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark shop at High Street in <a href="Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England, the largest in the chain</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark shop at <a href="Gran_V%C3%ADa_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Vía (Madrid)">Gran Vía</a> in <a href="Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain, the second-largest in the chain</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Interior of the Primark shop at Gran Vía in Madrid, Spain</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in the former Lewis's Building in <a href="Manchester_city_centre" title="Manchester city centre">Manchester city centre</a>, <a href="Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in the Aqua Shopping Centre, <a href="Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portimão</a>, <a href="Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve region</a>, Portugal</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in the <a href="Ridings_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridings Centre">Ridings Centre</a>, <a href="Wakefield%2C_West_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakefield, West Yorkshire">Wakefield</a>, <a href="West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, England</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in <a href="The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Penneys in the <a href="Wilton%2C_Cork" title="Wilton, Cork">Wilton</a> area of <a href="Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, Ireland</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in the <a href="Downtown_Crossing" title="Downtown Crossing">Downtown Crossing</a> area of <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Primark in <a href="Irvine%2C_North_Ayrshire" title="Irvine, North Ayrshire">Irvine, North Ayrshire</a>, Scotland </div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</li>

<li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-28018137">"Primark investigates claim of 'cry for help' note in trousers"</a>. BBC News. 25 June 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709093857/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/%E2%80%98cry-help%E2%80%99-prisoner-chinese-forced-labour-jail-alleged-have-been-found-inside-primark">"'Cry for help' from prisoner in Chinese forced labour jail alleged to have been found inside Primark trousers"</a> (Press release). Amnesty International UK. 24 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/%E2%80%98cry-help%E2%80%99-prisoner-chinese-forced-labour-jail-alleged-have-been-found-inside-primark">the original</a> on 9 July 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCherrington2015" class="citation news cs1">Cherrington, Rosy (21 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/21/primark-socks-hidden-letter_n_8853680.html">"Man Finds Letter Claiming To Be From Chinese Torture Victim In Primark Socks"</a>. <a href="HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>. Retrieved 20 November 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFShearsmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Shearsmith, Tom (29 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theindustry.fashion/primark-joins-the-un-fashion-charter/">"Primark joins the UN Fashion Charter"</a>. TheIndustry.fashion. Retrieved 7 August 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unfccc.int/climate-action/sectoral-engagement-for-climate-action/fashion-charter/participants">"Fashion Charter - Participants"</a>. United Nations Climate Change. Retrieved 7 August 2025.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Primark" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Primark">Primark</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primark.com/">Official website</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Associated_British_Foods205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Current operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Abitec Corporation</li>

<li>Abitec Ltd</li>

<li>Argo cornstarch</li>

<li>Allied Mills</li>

<li><a href="Allinson" title="Allinson">Allinson</a></li>

<li><a href="British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">British Sugar</a></li>

<li>Frontier (50%)</li>

<li>G Costa</li>

<li><a href="George_Weston_Foods" title="George Weston Foods">George Weston Foods</a></li>

<li><a href="Illovo_Sugar" title="Illovo Sugar">Illovo Sugar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingsmill_(bread)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsmill (bread)">Kingsmill</a></li>

<li>Mozolo oil</li>

<li><a href="Ovaltine" title="Ovaltine">Ovaltine</a> (except USA)</li>

<li><a href="Patak's" title="Patak's">Patak's</a></li>

<li><a href="Ryvita" title="Ryvita">Ryvita</a></li>

<li>Silver Spoon</li>

<li>Sunblest</li>

<li><a href="Twinings" title="Twinings">Twinings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Former operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Burton's Biscuits</li>

<li>Dairy Wrap Produce</li>

<li>Kingsway Fresh Foods</li>

<li><a href="Lifestyle_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle Sports">Lifestyle Sports</a></li>

<li>Power Supermarkets Limited</li>

<li><a href="Stewarts_Supermarkets_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewarts Supermarkets Limited">Stewarts Supermarkets Limited</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="W._Garfield_Weston" title="W. Garfield Weston">W. Garfield Weston</a></li>

<li><a href="Garry_Weston" title="Garry Weston">Garry Weston</a></li>

<li><a href="George_G._Weston" title="George G. Weston">George G. Weston</a></li>

<li><a href="Guy_Weston" title="Guy Weston">Guy Weston</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Garfield_Weston_Foundation" title="Garfield Weston Foundation">Garfield Weston Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Weston_Limited" title="George Weston Limited">George Weston Limited</a></li>

<li><a href="Wittington_Investments" title="Wittington Investments">Wittington Investments</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata639" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata639" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125749009">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2008017253">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/50ab09a3-7240-45e0-84f0-a6fc4db142d9">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-08" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Primark&oldid=1304807569">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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